Age sex Pyramids

The characteristic of population demographically represents its age-sex. Age-sex pyramid termed as Population pyramid is graph representation to depict information about population so that we can understand it better and compare it effectively.

The population pyramid illustrates the population categorised as gender and age. There is five year age increment on Y-axis which makes it easy to explain long term happenings about birth and death rates it also explains short term child and babies living boomingly, it can also find if there was a war or an epidemic.
There are three types of Population pyramid
1. Rapid growth
2.Slow growth
3.Negative growth

Rapid growth The above pyramid is the example of Rapid growth for Phillipines which represents trianglular pyramid which shows hight growth rate in the country.

Slow Growth The above pyramid represents pupulation growth rate for USA, it is a square shaped pyramid. it represents slow growth rate for the country. This type of pyramid is more likely to happen for DC's.

Negative growth The above pyramid represents Negative growth rate for germany it is a concave shaped pyramid. What we can understand from the above pyramid is that the population of the country can shrink due to low birth rate and high life expectancy. We can also assume that emigration has taken place which might be contributor to shrink the population

What is Green Revolution and its Impact

Green Revolution started in Mexico in the 1940's. As this policy was very productive and efficient the techology associated with it spead very quickly wolrd-wide.

Impacts

Since fertilizers are largely what made the Green Revolution possible, they forever changed agricultural practices because the high yield varieties developed during this time cannot grow successfully without the help of fertilizers.
Irrigation also played a large role in the Green Revolution and this forever changed the areas where various crops can be grown. For instance before the Green Revolution, agriculture was severely limited to areas with a significant amount of rainfall, but by using irrigation, water can be stored and sent to drier areas, putting more land into agricultural production - thus increasing nationwide crop yields. In addition, the development of high yield varieties meant that only a few species of say, rice started being grown. In India for example there were about 30,000 rice varieties prior to the Green Revolution, today there are around ten - all the most productive types. By having this increased crop homogeneity though the types were more prone to disease and pests because there were not enough varieties to fight them off. In order to protect these few varieties then, pesticide use grew as well. Finally, the use of Green Revolution technologies exponentially increased the amount of food production worldwide. Places like India and China that once feared famine have not experienced it since implementing the use of IR8 rice and other food varieties
 

Hurricane and it effects

The term Hurricane is derived from carib God of evil Hurcan, It is amazing natural phenomenon but it is destructive, This natural phenomenon takes place 60-70 times a year throught the world. Hurricanes more often appear in Atlantic, carribean, Gulf of mexico and central Pacific regions.

Due to the coroilis effect, the regions near the equator belts the hurricanes is formed as there is not enough rotatory motion. Hurricane is also known as cyclone in India and Arab and it is termed as Typhoon in Pacific ocean.

The birth of a hurricane starts as a low pressure zone and builds into a tropical wave of low pressure. In addition to a disturbance in the tropical ocean water, the storms that become hurricanes also require warm ocean waters (above 80°F or 27°C down to 150 feet or 50 meters below sea level) and light upper level winds

Hurricane damage results from three primary causes:

1) Storm Surge. Approximately 90% of all hurricane deaths can be attributed to the storm surge, the dome of water created by the low pressure center of a hurricane. This storm surge quickly floods low-lying coastal areas with anywhere from 3 feet (one meter) for a category one storm to over 19 feet (6 meters) of storm surge for a category five storm. Hundreds of thousands of deaths in countries such as Bangladesh have been caused by the storm surge of cyclones.

2) Wind Damage. The strong, at least 74 mph or 119 km/hr, winds of a hurricane can cause widespread destruction far inland of coastal areas, destroying homes, buildings, and infrastructure.

3) Freshwater Flooding. Hurricanes are huge tropical storms and dump many inches of rain over a widespread area in a short period of time. This water can engorge rivers and streams, causing hurricane-induced flooding. Unfortunately, polls find that about half of Americans living in coastal areas are unprepared for a hurricane disaster. Anyone living along the Atlantic Coast, the Gulf Coast and the Caribbean should be prepared for hurricanes during hurricane season.Fortunately, hurricanes ultimately diminish, reverting to tropical storm strength and then into a tropical depression when they move over cooler ocean water, move over land, or reach a position where the upper level winds are too strong and are thus unfavorable.
 

Earth Magnetic Reversal, End of the world

As human science technology knowledge has greatly become very best compared to history of Human civilization we can now focus on prediction and assumption for things which might lead to destruction of the whole planet, thus we focus on activity of Earth magnetic reversal.

During the middle of 2000 century researchers recorded data which was alarming, according to it they recorded datas on magnetism of the ocean floor. It was determined that the rock of the ocean floor gave different readings, thus after a decade the theory of the reversal of the earth's magnetic field was proposed and it has been a fundamental of earth science since.
Scientists believe that the earth's magnetism is created by slow movements in the liquid outer core, caused by the rotation of the earth. The generation of the earth's magnetic field is a continuous, but variable, process that causes change in not only the intensity of the magnetic field, but also causes the Magnetic North Pole to move as well as the reversal of the earth's entire magnetic field.

Lava, which hardens into rock, contains grains of iron oxides that point toward the magnetic pole as the rock solidifies. Thus, these grains are permanent records of the location of the earth's magnetic field. As new crust is created on the ocean floor (such as at the Mid-Atlantic ridge), the new crust solidifies, with its iron oxide acting like miniature compass needles. Scientists have matched the magnetic bands on either side of the Mid-Atlantic ridge out to the edges of the ocean. To determine the distance between the Americas and Europe and Africa at any point since Pangea, one need only to "roll back" the oceanic crust to the appropriate matching magnetic bands on either side of the ridge. Magnetic reversals helped to prove the theory of plate tectonics and continental drift.
The earth's magnetic field has reversed approximately 170 times over the last 100 million years. The intensity of the magnetic field has been decreasing over time since it has been measured and some scientists expect that at the current rate of decline, there may be another magnetic reversal in approximately 2000 years. That should be enough time to replace all of our compasses.

Why Study Geography

Geography is the study of science that deals with lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomenon of Earth (wikipedia).

The reason to why we should study geography is basically due to the facts of environmental concerns, natural disaster, world weather, local developments, urban and rural change, population movements, maps navigation.

Environmental concerns of global warming impact, radiation, pollution help us to locate our accomodation, as most of us want to stay in good healthy places, thus by knowing about environment we are benefitted.

Most of us never get to know when will a natural disaster might occur thus it makes very difficult to evacuate ourselves when it really happens, Having a knowledge about geography we can manipulate and act and do the necessary to help ourselves survive.

Now when we relate geography with world weather, local development and urban and rural change,population movements, maps navigation it is quite obvious all these aspects provide us with basic knowledge and help us grow, travel, learn about business to be done, what kind of society to choose to live with . More over all these aspects help us to make decisions in our lives to successfully live our lives.

Now the question arises, How will I be benefited by studying Geography?

Geography will benefit me develop awarness and understanding of world

1.It will help me to broaden the prospect of global outlook and promote good citizenship.

2.It will help me develop cultural and environmental awarness

3.It will help me to understand people and their culture

4.Give me knowledge of broader general knowledge and news and information on global affairs.

5.It will enable me to work with different culture people and develop better teamwork.

6. Let me know about agricultural lands, Plantation crops trees.

7.Let me know about pre disaster events,

8.Help me study the various weather forecasting and disaster, thus help me survive by working on ways to survive such events and necessary steps to take to avoid panic and chaos.

9.Geography will also result in benefitting the business that i plan to do by working on several areas of social, political and economic policies of different geographical locations.

Acid Rain Causes and Effects

Rainfall is essential for almost everything on earth, but what if the rainfall turns acidic will it still have the same value? Well! it is the truth and it is affecting our daily lives.

Acid rain is the mixture or water droplets pouring down on earth with pollutants which chemically reacts with water droplets and makes it acid, Acid rain is also termed as acid deposition.Acid deposition occurs as wet and dry. wet deposition is any precipitation which removes pollutants from atmosphere and dry deposition is settling down of pollutants on the surface of earth or stick with atmospheric dust and which is dangerous

Acid rain is caused by mixing of droplets falling from clouds binding chemically with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen in the atmosphere which is from result of fossil fuel combustion with very less oxygen to form sulphuric acid, ammonium nitrate and nitric acid, all these mixtures then spread to the land areas with downpour of rainfall along with wind and dust and other forms of precipitation.

As acid rain from the name implies is acidic thus it is harmful, It has its impact on both man made and natural surroundings. Aquatic formations like rivers lakes and streams are  greatly impacted  as acidic rain falls directly into them.

Aside from aquatic bodies, acid deposition can significantly impact forests. As acid rain falls on trees, it can make them lose their leaves, damage their bark, and stunt their growth. By damaging these parts of the tree, it makes them vulnerable to disease, extreme weather, and insects. Acid falling on a forest’s soil is also harmful because it disrupts soil nutrients, kills microorganisms in the soil, and can sometimes cause a calcium deficiency. Trees at high altitudes are also susceptible to problems induced by acidic cloud cover as the moisture in the clouds blankets them.
Damage to forests by acid rain is seen all over the world, but the most advanced cases are in Eastern Europe. It’s estimated that in Germany and Poland, half of the forests are damaged, while 30% in Switzerland have been affected. Finally, acid deposition also has an impact on architecture and art because of its ability to corrode certain materials. As acid lands on buildings (especially those constructed with limestone) it reacts with minerals in the stones sometimes causing it to disintegrate and wash away. Acid deposition can also corrode modern buildings, cars, railroad tracks, airplanes, steel bridges, and pipes above and below ground. Solution: Because of these problems and the adverse effects air pollution has on human health, a number of steps are being taken to reduce sulfur and nitrogen emissions. Most notably, many governments are now requiring energy producers to clean smoke stacks by using scrubbers which trap pollutants before they are released into the atmosphere and catalytic converters in cars to reduce their emissions. Additionally, alternative energy sources are gaining more prominence today and funding is being given to the restoration of ecosystems damaged by acid rain worldwide.

Environmental Issues

In the recent history of around 200 years Humans have made immense progress with technology, science, medicine, which has made life easy for just one species, As a result the earths Environment has been affected and it has started to change its atmosphere and environment, which is alarming and might lead to frequent disasters.

The climate of earth or the atmosphere has become very warm to an extent of +3 degrees compared to 100 years earlier which has affected our Bio-diversity due to which species around the globe are becoming extinct. From Human perspective it is a negative sign and it is affecting us. for example water avaibility is becoming less and plants and which contribute to medicines might perish.
The climate change is affecting our ecosystem, there is oceanic acidification, there is uneven rainfall, drought.

Due to green house effect there is global warming which is due to industrial revolution in the late 1900 century and early 2000 century, such is the impact that artic ice caps have rapidly melting and low lying areas in the northern hemisphere and sounthern hemisphere near the artics have alredy been affected.


There is loss of biodiversity as climate change has made the survival atmosphere for some species different in which those species cannot survive

  Polar bears in the artic regions have been noticed to have difficulties as the animals and fishes they survive on are also affected due to climate change.

Ocean acidification has been happening due to human activities as according to research by the UN authorities oceans absorb excess CO2 produced in the atmosphere such is the impact that it has lead to acidification of the ocean and certain species are dying in their natural habitat.



The change in the climate is also affecting the rainfall pattern which is uneven such that certain areas get torrential rainfall and some areas are hard hit by drought.

                                                                                                          
such is the difference that life in both occassion becomes very difficult and it is also leading to certain species either to migrate or extinct.
               

Thus concluding the environmental change is alarming and we are adapting, we also have future predictions for climate changes, Even though we are working to be more protective towards the climatic changes but its not the solution, untill all the government make it a mandatory law to act against recent Disasters and climatic fluctuations, only then some effect could be observed.